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（接上）
短语 (Expressions)
1. in (all) truth: truly; really 的确；事实上
In (all) truth he deserved something better than this. 的确，他应该得到比这更好的待遇。
She did in truth lose her head. 她的确昏了头。
2. come to terms with: reconcile oneself to; learn to accept 顺从；设法忍受
She could come to terms with her handicap. 她能安于自己的困境。
You’11 just have to come to terms with the fact that you can't play football any more.
你不得不接受再也不能踢球的事实。
3. sum up: form an opinion of; give a brief summary of 形成对某人的看法
I summed her up as a competent manager. 我认为她是个很能干的经理。
He summed up the situation at a glance. 他一眼就看清了当时的情况。
4. base … on …: use sth. as grounds, evidence, etc for sth. else 以……为依据
I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. 昨天的好消息让我满怀希望。
I see now that the theory is based on a delusion. 现在我明白了这条理论的基础是妄想。
5. contingent on / upon: dependent on sth, that may or may not happen 依……而定
Our success is contingent upon your continued help. 我们的成功靠你不断的帮助。
Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.
我们能否准时到达依天气而定。
6. adjust to: become or make suitable to new conditions; adapt 使适应；适应
My eyes haven't adjusted to the dark yet. 我的眼睛还未适应黑暗。
The desks and. seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.
桌子和椅子可调至适合每个孩子的高度。
7. pay off: (of a risky policy, cause of action, etc) bring good results; be successful; work
带来好结果；成功
The effort pays off in the long run. 这种努力最终会有好结果。
The anti-heroin campaign is paying off. 抵制海洛因的运动正在奏效。
8. end up: reach a final situation; come to an end 达到某种状态；结束
At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。
The politician finally ended up his speech. 那位政治家终于结束了讲话。
词语辨析 (Word analysis)
1. inherent: existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of 固有的；天生的
Weight is an inherent quality of matter. 重量是物质固有的特性。
natural: of concerned with nature 自然的
Animals should live in their natural state. 动物应该生活在自然环境里。
2. interrelate: be connected with something else in a way that makes one depend on the other 相互关连
Wages and prices interrelate / are interrelated. 工资与物价相互关连。
interconnect: join together 互相连接
These underground cables are interconnected. 这些地下电缆互相连接。
3. one-time: former 从前的
The one-time politician has now become a teacher. 昔日的政客现在成了一名教师。
once: formerly, at some indefinite time in the past 从前；曾经
This novel was once very popular but nobody reads it today. 这本小说曾一度很受欢迎，但现在没有人读它了。
4. base: build or use as a basis for 建于……之上；以……为根据
Direct taxation is usually based on income. 直接税通常以收入为依据。
establish: set up, put on a firm foundation 建立；设立
They seemed to have established some kind of one-party parliament.
他们似乎建立了某种一党制的议会。
5. difficulty: the state or quality of being difficult 困难；费力
Do you have any difficulty in understanding spoken English? 你听英语口语有困难吗？
adversity: condition of unfavorable fortune, trouble 逆境；艰难
A brave man smiles in the face of adversity. 一个勇敢的人临危不惧。
6. false: not right or real 错误的；不真实的
At present you have quite a false impression of her. 目前你对她的印象是错误的。
fraudulent: deceitful, cheating 欺诈的
She got the post of science teacher by fraudulent means; she pretended she’d studied at a university. 她通过欺骗手段得到这个理科教师的位置，她伪称在大学学习过。
7. untreatable: that cannot be treated 不能治疗的
Psychological problems are not totally untreatable. 心理问题不是完全不能治疗的。
incurable: that cannot be cured 不能治愈的；不可救药的
Cancer was once an incurable disease. 癌症曾是不治之症。
8. conserve: keep from change or destruction 保存；保全
We must conserve our forests if we are to make sure of a future supply of wood.
如果我们要保证将来的木材供应，我们必须保护森林。
preserve: keep safe from harm or danger 防护；防止
These social activities can preserve old people from the loneliness of old age.
这些社交活动可以防止老年人的寂寞。
难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
1.Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging … :
Americans find it difficult to take old age into consideration until they reach old age.
美国人在他们自己还没有步入老年人行列时，很难考虑到老年问题。
2. Death is a dramatic one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year
confrontation' with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one's own personality and one's life. :
One's life comes to an end within a very short time. But an old person lives a life facing great pressures from society and his own psychology day after day and year after year,
死亡是突然性的一次性危机，而老年却是要日复一日，年复一年地应对强烈的内外冲突，它是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己年老时的个性与生活的过程。
3. Those of us who are not old barricade ourselves from discussions of old age by declaring the subject morbid, boring or in poor state. :
Those of us who are not old prevent ourselves from discussing about old age by claiming this subject to be unpleasant, dull or unsuitable and offensive.
我们这些尚未变老的人拒绝谈论老年问题，把这一话题称为病态，无聊，或太俗。
4. This is the American ideal of the "golden years" toward which millions of citizens are expectantly toiling through their workdays. :
This is the American ideal of the "golden years . Millions of people are expecting it by working hard all days.
这就是千百万美国公民辛辛苦苦每日工作所期待实现的“金色岁月”的美国式理想。
5. But this is not the full story. A second theme runs through the popular view of old age. :
But what is said above is only part of the situation. The popular view of old age reveals another main idea.
但这并不是全部情况，人们对老年问题的普遍看法中还贯穿着另一个调子。
6. Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and terror. :
Our popular attitudes could be viewed as a combination of belief based on wishes and terrible reality.
我们普遍的观点可归结为痴心妄想与极度恐惧的结合。
7. All of these are crucial and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life. :
All of these are essential and correlated factors that together determine the quality of late life.
所有这些因素都至关重要并互相影响，它们决定着一个人晚年生活的质量。
8. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progress of the life cycle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. :
The process of aging and eventual death must finally be taken as the natural process of the life cycle, the old completing their limited life span and making way for the young.
人们必须接受衰老及最终辞世是人生周期的自然进程，老年人结束自己的寿命，为年轻人让位。
9. Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of aging and the imminence of death.:
What is unique in old age in fact results from the reality of aging and approach of death.
事实上，老年的独特之处在于变老的事实和死亡的逼近。
10. There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience which is available to be used and enjoyed.:
There has been a collection of personality and experience for a lifetime, which can now be made use of and provide great enjoyment.
一生积累下来的品格和经验在老年时派上了用场，使他们受益。
11. There are inevitable personal and physical losses to be sustained, some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable. :
They are bound to suffer some personal and physical losses, some of which can become too much to bear.
他们还会不可避免地失去亲人，丧失身体机能，有时可能会让他们感到难以抗拒，无法忍受。
12. The potential for satisfactions and even triumphs in late life are real and vastly underexplored. :
In truth, it's possible for old people to enjoy a happy life. And people fail to explore this potential to a greater extent.
晚年生活所存在地满足及成功地潜力确实有待探讨、开发。
13. Private pension plans often do not pay off, and pension payments that do cams in are not tied to inflationary decreases in buying power.:
Private pension plans often do not bring good results, and if the pension-payments indeed come in, but they can not meet the decrease in buying power due to inflation.
私人企业的养老金常不能发放，即使发放，也不能抵消由于通货膨胀造成的购买力下降。
14. Old women fare worse than old men.
Old women get along worse than old men.
与老年男人相比，老年妇女境遇更糟。
具体课文讲解：
1. Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are propelled into the midst of it by their own aging and that of relatives and friends. (1)—find it + adj.+ to do sth.为常用的搭配形式，意为“发觉做某事很……”。E.g. He found it interesting to live alone.他发觉一个人独处是一件很有趣的事情。Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats.很多人会觉得吃老鼠是令人恶心的。The midst of意为“……的中央，……中”，常用的搭配形式为in the midst of，意为“在……中央，在……中”。E.g. in the midst of the crowd在人群中。而此句中的that所指为前面所提到的aging。
2. …we have leaped over that long period of time proceeding death known as old age. (1)-- that long period of time proceeding death known as old age为该句的宾语，而proceeding death known as old age为后置定语修饰that long period of time.另外leap与jump为近义词。向“前方”、“上方”任一方的跳跃皆可用jump，但是leap大多用于指向“前方”的跳跃。
3. in truth (1)—意思是“真正，实际上，的确”。E.g. The ugly frog was in truth a handsome prince.那个丑陋的青蛙实际上是个英俊的王子。另外，常见的还有to tell you the truth,意思是“说老实话，说真的”。E.g. To tell you the truth, I hate to do it.说实话，我真不愿意干。
4. People will speak of looking forward to their “retirement years”. (2)—speak of为固定搭配，意为“说……的事，提及”。E.g. He never spoke of his son.他从未谈到过他的儿子。
5. Medicare has lulled the population into reassuring itself that the once terrible financial burdens of late-life illness are now eradicated. (2)—lull sb. into…意为“哄骗某人……”。E.g. lull sb. into a false sense of security哄骗某人产生一种虚假的安全感。而that the once terrible financial burdens of late-life illness are now eradicated为reassuring的宾语从句。
6. They are pictured as delighted residents of retirement communities with names like Leisure World and Sun City, with lots of grass, clean air and fun. (2)-- of retirement communities with names like Leisure World and Sun City, with lots of grass, clean air and fun与delighted一起作residents的定语，而with names like Leisure World and Sun City, with lots of grass, clean air and fun用来修饰communities。
7. A second theme runs through the popular view of old age. (3)—run through在此意为“贯穿……，通达……”。E.g. A keen humor runs through his writing.在他的文章中贯穿了一种辛辣的幽默。其他常用意思为“跑着穿过；划掉；挥霍，很快用完”。E.g. He has run through his writing.他把全部家产挥霍个精光。
8. One hears children saying they are afraid to get old, middle-aged people declaring they want to die after they have passed their prime, and numbers of old people wishing they were dead. (3)—hear sb. doing sth.为固定搭配形式，意为“听到某人在做某事”，此处的children saying they are afraid to get old, middle-aged people declaring they want to die after they have passed their prime和numbers of old people wishing they were dead都为hear的宾语。
9. in reality (4)—意为“实际上，事实上”。E.g. We thought he was serious but in reality he was joking.我们认为他是认真的，但事实上他是在开玩笑。
10. the life cycle (5)—生命周期
11. …they must conserve strength and resources where necessary and adjust creatively to those charges and losses that occur as part of the aging experience. (5)-- where necessary这一状语为省略形式，其完整形式为where it is necessary;而that occur as part of the aging experience为修饰those charges and losses的定语从句。
12. For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation, desolation and muted rage. (6)—该句的主语为old age，而a period of quiet despair, deprivation, desolation and muted rage为表语a tragedy的同位语。
13. There are also inevitable personal and physical losses to be sustained, some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable. (6)-- to be sustained为宾语losses的后置定语，而some of which can become overwhelming and unbearable为该宾语的非限定性定语从句。
14. Herein lies what I consider to be the genuine tragedy of old age in American—we have shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old. (6)—因其主语部分what I consider to be the genuine tragedy of old age in American—we have shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old过长，为保持句子的平衡，该处采用了倒装形式，而we have shaped a society which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old则为tragedy的同位语。
15. at times (6)—有时，偶尔。E.g. At times I go out to the beach.有时候我到海滩去。
16. For the most part the elderly struggle to exist in an inhospitable world. (6)-- for the most为固定词组，意为“大部分是，多半”。E.g. The student could for the most part follow my lecture.学生们大都能了解我讲课的内容。而inhospitable意为“冷淡的”，其反义词为hospitable热情的，前缀in-表“无……，不……，非……”之意。E.g. incorrect不正确的，在以l起首的单词前成il-，以b,m,p起首的单词前成im-，而在以r起首的单词前成ir-。E.g. impossible不可能的；irregular不定期的；illegal非法的。
17. hand in hand (7)—为固定词组，意为“手牵手，携手，共同地”，与together意同。E.g. walk hand in hand手牵手一起走。
18. What we do not realize is that these poor are joined by multitudes of people who become poor only after growing older. (7)-- what we do not realize为主语部分，该句的谓语动词为is。that these poor are joined by multitudes of people who become poor only after growing older为表语从句，而who become poor only after growing older为people的定语从句。
19. keep up with (7)—不落在……的后面。
E.g. keep up with the changes in fashion跟上时尚的变化。
20. pay off (7)—还清，偿清。
E.g. I’ve now paid off all my debts.我现在已经还清了所有的债。
21. Even the relatively well-off are not assured of an income that will support them. (7)-- well-off为形容词，意为“富裕的”。此处与the连用，起名词作用，the relatively well-off指“相对富裕的人”；其反义词为badly-off生活穷困的。而that will support them为修饰income的定语从句。
22. The American dream promised older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives, things would turn out well for them. (9)-- that if they worked hard enough all their lives, things would turn out well for them为直接宾语从句，其中的turn out well for…意为“对……结果会很好”。
23. believe in (9)—相信。注意believe in与believe用法的区别。Believe指“相信某人的话”，而believe in则指“信赖（人格、力量等）”。E.g. I believe him, but I don’t believe in him.我相信他的话，但不信赖他的人格。
24. Age discrimination in employment is unrestrained, with arbitrary retirement practices and bias against hiring older people for available jobs. (10)-- with arbitrary retirement practices and bias against hiring older people for available jobs为状语部分。
25. …so there is no opportunity to learn new skills. (10)—该句中省略了for them。其完整形式为so there is no opportunity for them to learn new skills.
26. … the balance must come from their own incomes and savings, or from Medicaid, which requires a humiliating means test. (11)—balance此处指“收支，借贷的相抵、结余、余额”，其另一常用义为“平衡，均衡”。E.g. There is a nice balance between work and play in his life.他把生活中的工作和游戏控制得很平衡。而该句中的which requires a humiliating means test为修饰Medicaid的非限定性定语从句。
27. Psychoanalysts, the elite of the psychiatric profession, rarely accept them as patients. (11)-- the elite of the psychiatric profession为psychoanalysts的同位语，其中应注意elite的用法：1)常将单数形式视为复数；2)中文的“精英”通常指个人或团体，而英文的elite则指名人，有权利者及上流社会等出类拔萃的集体分子。E.g. He considers himself to be one of the elite.他觉得自己是优秀分子之一。
28. …municipal hospitals in turn funnel them into… effort which might enable them to return home. (11)—in turn为固定词组，意为“依次”，而which might enable them to return home则为定语从句，修饰effort。
29. dishonest (12)—不正直的，不诚实的，其反义词为honest诚实的。前缀dis-：1)表示“否定”，“相反”，disapprove“不赞成”；2)表示“分离”、“除去”，“剥夺”，discover“发现”。
30. When windowed they do not have the same social prerogatives as older men to date and marry those who are younger. (13)-- when windowed为省略形式。当when引导的从句中的主语与主句主语一致时，从句中的主语与be动词可一起省略，其完整形式为when they are windowed。
31. An ironic turn of events when one remembers that most of them were raised from childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable state. (13)-- when one remembers that most of them were raised from childhood to consider marriage the only acceptable state为该从句中的宾语从句。consider marriage the only acceptable state中使用的consider+n.1+n.2，其完整形式为consider+n.1+(to be)+n.2/adj.意为“将……视为，认为”。E.g. I consider him (to be) my best friend.我将他视为我最好的朋友。He considers himself intelligent.他认为他自己很聪明。
32. even though (13)—即使……，纵使……。注意even though与even if用法的区别：even if的从句中含有强烈的假定性，而even though则多以此从句之内容为前提。E.g. Even if he is poor, she loves him. (He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，她也还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，她还是爱他。
33. due to (14)—由于……的原因，注意该词组后接名词形式。
E.g. The game was postponed due to rain.比赛因下雨而延期。
34. However, patterns of immigration by Asian-Americans to this country, --- have all taken a toll of their elderly and their families. (15)—they have faced为discrimination的定语从句，该句的谓语动词为have taken。
Lesson Five
Trifles (Part One)
背景知识（Background knowledge of Lesson 5 & 6）
Susan Glaspell was born in 1882 in Davenport, Iowa. She graduated from Drake University and worked as a journalist on the staff of the Des Moines Daily News. When her stories began appearing in magazines such as Harper's and The Ladies' Home Journal, she gave up the newspaper busi¬ness. In 1915 Glaspell met George Cook, a talented stage director. Together they founded the Provincetown Players on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The Players were a remarkable gathering of actors, directors and writers. The troupe included Eugene O'Nell and Edna St. Vincent Millay. . .
Much of Glaspell's writing is strongly feminist, dealing with the roles that women play, or are forced to play, in society and the relationships be¬tween men and women. She wrote more than ten plays far the Provincetown Players, including Women’ s Honor (1918), Bernwe (l919), The Inheritors (1921) and The verge (1922). In 1922 Glaspell married George Cook and moved to New York City, where she continued to write, mostly fiction. In 1931 she won the Pulitzer Prize for Alison' s House, a play based loosely on the life and family of Emily Dickinson. Glaspell spent the latter part of her life on Cape Cod writing.
课文要义（Main idea of the text）
A farmer—— John Wright was strangled while he was sleeping, but his wife didn't report to the police. Their neighbor —— Mr. Hale, another farmer, found Mr. Wright was lying dead the second morning. The police took away Mrs. Wright. In the following day the county attorney —— Henderson, sheriff —— Peters came back to Wrights' house with Mr. Hale to investigate the signal of anyone coming to the house and the criminal motive of Mrs. Wright. Meanwhile, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters came to the house, while men were busy doing what they thought important, but had gained nothing, the two women found the truth of the murder from the trifles which the men looked down upon.
Just when the men who regarded themselves as infallible were investigating criminal clue and motives, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters found some clues from the unfinished quilt in Mrs. Wright' s sewing basket, then they found wrung bird — cage and neck — wrenched canary body. These were all done by Mr. Wright! It was he who locked her wife's mind! From the "trifles" they realized the truth. Because of their sympathy for Mrs. Wright they decided to cover her motive to kill her husband, which the men were busy with. The women who the men considered garrulous, just used the trifles to destroy the men's authorities.
词汇 (Vocabulary)
1. abandoned: (adj.)
1) deserted; forsaken 被抛弃的；
The abandoned house was torn down. 这所被遗弃的房子被拆掉了。
2) given up to bad ways; depraved; profligate 堕落的
Is he so abandoned as to feel no shame at such an accusation?
难道他坏到面对这种指控而不知羞耻的程度吗？
2.notify: (vt.) give notice of; report 通知；报告
Our teacher notified us that there would be a test on Monday.
老师通知我们星期一要考试。
Any infectious disease must be notified at once to the Health Ministry.
发现传染病必须立即向卫生部门报告。
3. strangle: (vt.) kill by squeezing the throat of; hinder the breathing of:
绞死；使……窒息
He strangled his victim with a nylon stocking. 他用尼龙长筒袜勒死了受害者。
The government's policies are slowly strangling the economy.
政府的这些政策正在慢慢扼杀经济的发展。
4. convince: (v .) make somebody feel certain; cause somebody to realize:
We convinced her to stay home. 我们劝服他呆在家里。
The buyer was convinced of the salesman's integrity. 买主深信店员的诚意。
5. mess:
1) (n.) state of confusion, dirt or disorder 混乱；污秽
The workmen cleaned up the mess before they left.
工人在离开之前把肮脏的东西清理干净了。
A nice mess you've made of it! 你把它弄得真糟糕！
2) (v. ) make a mess of; put into disorder or confusion 弄脏；弄乱
The late arrival of the train messed up all our plans.
火车误点把我们的计划全弄乱了。
I've sorted the list out; now don't mess it up again.
我已把名单整理出来了，别再把它搞乱了。
6. gallantry: (n.)
1) bravery : 勇敢；英勇
He displayed great gallantry in trying to save a boy from drowning.
他在抢救一名溺水儿童是表现得十分勇敢。
He won a medal for gallantry. 他因勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。
2) elaborately polite or amorous act or speech to a woman. 对妇女殷勤的言行
His gallantry made him an ideal escort. 他善献殷勤，因而成了一名理想的陪同。
He won many hearts by his gallantry. 他谦恭礼貌，赢得了许多人的心。
7. unbend : (v. ) behave in a way free from strain, formality; become relaxed
不拘泥；平易近人
In the classroom the teacher maintains discipline but after class he unbends.
教师在课堂上很严厉，但课下却平易近人。
She finds it hard to unbend, even at parties, so people don't like her.
就连在社交活动中她也轻松不起来，因此不讨人喜欢。
8. snoop: search, examine (eg to find error, the breaking of rules, etc.) in a secretive way 窥探
I caught him snooping around in my office. 我撞见他在我的办公室到处窥探。
She's always snooping into other people's business. 她老是到处打探别人的事。
短语 (Expressions)
1. bundle up:
1) wear a lot of clothes 穿得暖和
It's pretty cold outside. You'd better bundle up well. 外面很冷，你最好穿暖和点。
2) make into a bundle or bundles 捆扎
We bundled everything up. 我们把每件东西都捆扎起来。
2. make a / some /no / any / not much / a great deal of difference: be of some/no, etc importance 有……重要性
It won' t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
你今天或明天去没有多大关系。
It won't make any difference to you. 这对你不会有多大影响。
3. back and forth: to and fro 来回地
He was walking back and forth along the corridor. 他在走廊来回踱步。
They discussed it back and forth, without getting very far.
他们围绕着这个问题讨论，没有什么结果。
4. point to: be a sign of 表明；表示
All the evidence points to his guilt. 一切证据表明他有罪。
His conduct points to an ulterior motive.他的行为说明他有不可告人的动机。
5. have one's hands full: very busy 很忙
For a whole week he had his hands full. 整个星期他都很忙。
Farmers' wives always have their hands full. 农民的妻子总是很忙。
6. keep an eye out for: keep an eye on; find 瞧着；照看
Keep an eye on the stove m case the coffee boils. 看着炉子以防咖啡溢出。
Please keep an eye on the baby. 请照看婴儿。
7. meant to: have as a purpose: intend to 意欲；企图
I'm sorry I didn't mean to be rude. 很抱歉，我并不想这么粗鲁。
She means to succeed. 她意欲取得成功。
8. fix on: direct (the eyes, one's attention, etc.) steadily on or to 注视；专心于
He fixes his eyes on me. 他注视着我。
He fixed his attention on what he was doing. 他专心于正在从事的工作。
9. keep sth. to oneself: be close about sth, keep secret 对某事保守秘密
He kept the news to himself. 他一直保守这个消息的秘密。
I can’t understand you keeping a thing like this to yourself.
我不明白你为什么这样保守一件事的秘密。
词语辨析 (Word analysis)
1. pleat: make fold in 打褶皱
She pleated her apron with a sewing machine. 她用缝纫机给围裙打褶子。
wrinkle: make small fold or line on the surface of sth. 使皱；起皱
The front of this dress wrinkles. 这件衣服的前襟起皱了。
2. snoop: search, examine in a secretive way 窥察；窥探
What were you snooping about in my room? 你在我房间到处窥探干什么？
check: examine in order to learn whether sth is correct 检查；核对
Will you please check these figures? 请检查这些数字有无错误。
3. shabby: in bad repair or condition, poorly dressed 破旧的；衣着寒酸的
You look rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿那些衣服显得有点寒酸。
cheap: low in price, costing little money 价低的，廉价的
If you want a cheap vocation, travel on an ocean freighter.
如果你想过一个花费少的假期，就乘海轮旅行。
4. care for: have a taste for, like 爱好；喜爱
I shouldn’t care for that man to be my doctor. 我不想要那个人给我看病。
mind: be troubled by, feel objection to 介意；反对
He doesn’t mind the cold weaher at all. 他对寒冷的天气一点也不在乎。
5. unconcerned: not involved, uninterested 没有关系的；不感兴趣的
He is unconcerned with politics. 他对政治不感兴趣。
unbent: relaxed 放松的；松弛的
He can only be unbent in the family circle. 他只有在家庭圈子里才能轻松自如。
6. keep an eye for / on: keep a watch on, watch carefully 注意；留神
She worked and kept an eye on the sick child at the same time.
她一面工作，一面照看病孩。
look at: use one’s sight, try to see 看；望
An elderly man was looking hard at us. 一个老人正盯着我们看。
7. keep from: prevent from 避开；防止
He keeps from alcohol and tobacco. 他不沾烟酒。
keep to: limit to 局限于
He kept to mainroads in his travels. 他旅行时总是走大路。
8. no use: useless 没用
It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the rules. 假装不懂规则是没用的。
no need: unnecessary 不必
There is no need to start yet. 现在还不必动身。
难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
1. I asked her, out of patience:
I asked her without any patience.
我不耐烦地问道。
2. She just nodded her head, not getting a bit excited, but rocking back and forth.:
She only nodded her head just to show that it was true, but she was not exited at all, only rocking backwards and forwards in the rocker.
她只是点了点头，一点也不激动，却摇来摇去。
3. He died of a rope round his neck. :
He died by hanging with a rope round his neck. '
他是用绳子勒死的。
4. He said it businesslike. :
He said it showing promptness care.
他煞有介事地说。
5.Here's a nice mess. :
Here’s in the state of disorder or dirt.
这里太乱了。
6. With the gallantry of a young politician.:
The county attorney says with the politeness of a young politician to women.
带着年轻政客所特有的殷勤。
7. I want to get the lay of things upstairs now. :
I want to go upstairs to learn the situations of the things there.
现在我想看看楼上的陈设。
8. My, it's cold in there.
Oh, my goodness, it's cold there.
我的老天，那里太冷了。
具体课文讲解：
1. The kitchen in the now abandoned farmhouse of John Wright, … other signs of incompleted work. (8)—这是一个省略句，省略了主谓结构，仅保留了名词词组。Kitchen为中心词，后面紧跟做定语的介词短语；a gloomy kitchen为它的同位语；过去分词left引起短语也作定语，修饰kitchen一词，破折号后面为三个并列名词词组，进一步说明分词短语描述的情况。第二个破折号后为对这三个词组的补充说明。
2. This feels good. (9)—这里feel意思为“感觉出来”，是系动词。E.g. Ice feels cold.冰摸上去感觉很凉。Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸感觉起来柔软光滑。
3. …you explain to Mr. Henderson just what you saw when you came here yesterday morning. (11)—句中what引起一个宾语从句，其中又含一个时间状语从句。What引起宾语从句时，可以作连接代词，意思是“什么”。另外，还有关系代词型用法，意思为“……的事情（或东西）”。E.g. Let me see what you have bought.让我看看你买了什么。What she saw gave her a fright.她看到的情况吓了她一跳。本句中what可看作关系代词型用法，即意思为“你看到的事情”。
4. When it dropped below zero last night I thought…with a big case on…(13)—句子开始是时间状语从句，其中主语it指temperature；主句中谓语动词thought后为省略that的宾语从句；破折号后为说明这样的原因。句中case意思是“案件”；on为副词，意思为“有某种活动，发生某种情况”。E.g. What’s on?上演什么？Breakfast is on from 8 to 10.早饭时间是8点至10点。
5. Somebody should have been left here yesterday. (14)—这是一个虚拟语气的句子，叙述与过去事实相反的情况，这种句子的谓语结构通常为should(would, could, might)+ have +过去分词，意思是“本应该会（能够，可能等），已经做了…….”。e.g. It was dangerous, you might have injured him.真危险，你简直可能伤着他了。I do not see how I could have done otherwise.我看不出当时不这样我还能怎样做。也可用于虚拟条件句中。E.g. I would have come if I hadn’t been so busy.要是不那么忙，我就来了。
6. …had my hands full…(15)-- have one’s hands full的意思为“非常忙”。E.g. Don’t expect him to help us, he has his hands full already.别指望他能帮助我们，他已经非常忙了。
7. …as long as I went over everything here myself… (15)—这是一个条件状语从句，后面的主句省略。as long as的意思是“只要”。E.g. As long as you are happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.只要你高兴，做什么都没关系。Go over这里意思为“查看，搜查”。E.g. The police went over his room several times, but found nothing.警察把他的房间搜查了好几遍，但什么也没发现。
8. I’m going to see if I can’t get John Wright to go in with me on a party telephone. (17)—句中if引起一宾语从句。go in with意为“加入（某人）一起（干某事）”。E.g. He went in with his friends on the deal.他加入朋友们一起做这笔交易。
9. …put me off… (17)—put off这里意思为“回避（回答）”。E.g. Despite all attempts to put him off, the question persisted until he got a satisfactory answer.不管别人怎样试图回避他的问题，这个提问者一直坚持到得到一个满意的答案。
10. …but I thought maybe if I went to the house and… much difference to John… (17)—这句话由主句和让步状语从句构成，主句的谓语动词thought后跟一个省略that的宾语从句；宾语从句中含if引起的条件状语从句，条件状语从句中含两个并列成分，但主句被省略；though引起让步状语从句，与主句I thought构成复合句；状语从句中含一个that引起的宾语从句，其中谓语动词know后面还有省略that的宾语从句，该从句的主语为what引起的主语从句。
11. I wasn’t sure, I’m not sure yet… (19)—第一句为一般过去时，表示所讲述的过去的事情，即“当时……”，第二句为一般现在时，表示说话时的状态，即“现在……”。Yet为副词，这里意思是“仍然”。E.g. He is yet a child.他仍是个孩子。Father rose early and is working yet.父亲起床很早，现在仍在工作。
12. …and was kind of—pleating it. (22)—kind of这里的意思是“有点儿，有些”。E.g. I’m feeling kind of tired.我觉得有些累。
13. And kind of done up. (27)—do up有多种含义与用法，如“收拾，打扮，捆扎等”，这里则表示“累坏了，非常疲倦”的意思。E.g. They did up the house before the tenants moved in.房客搬近来前，他们收拾了房子。She did herself up for the party.她打扮得漂漂亮亮地去参加晚会。Please do up the parcel and post it.请捆扎好包裹，然后邮寄出去。He was quite done up after the long journey.长途旅行之后，他非常疲倦。
14. “No,” she says, kind of dull like. (29)—句中kind of dull like即She looked kind of dull。意思是“她看上去有点迟钝”。这里like的用法有点像后词缀，-like可以作为后缀与名词构成合成形容词或副词，表示“像……一样的（地）”。E.g. childlike孩子般天真的；godlike如神的，神圣的；和下文的businesslike公务的，有条理的。
15. “Cause he’s dead,” … (29)—口语表达常将because写成cause。
16. …says I, not knowing what to say. (29)—says I 为不规范表达，应为said I。not knowing what to say是现在分词短语，表示伴随动作。
17. Why, what did he die of? (29)—句中die of的意思是“因（患）……而死”。E.g. Her mother died of cancer.她母亲死于癌症。类似的表达还有die from，“由于……而死，因……而死”。E.g. The disease from which he died is incurable.导致他死亡的疾病是无法医治的。
18. I think I’d rather have you go into that upstairs, where you can point it all out. (30)—句中I’d rather即I would rather (有时用had rather)意思为“宁愿”，后面可跟不带to的不定式，从句中用虚拟语气。E.g. I’d rather not go out tonight.我宁愿今晚不出去。I’d rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你对我讲实话。Go into that…也是不带to的不定式短语，have后面作宾语的不定式常省略to。Go into这里意思为“细谈，讨论”。E.g. We haven’t had enough time to go into the details.我们没有时间谈详细情况。关系副词where引导一定语从句，修饰upstairs。Upstairs虽可作名词，但在句中为副词，因此这一用法不太严谨。（剧本中口语化较浓，有时不太讲究语法。）
19. Somebody slipped a rope round his neck and strangled him and you didn’t wake up? (31)—用陈述句的形式和疑问句的语气，是口语中较为常见的提问方式。
20. …she said after him. (31)—这里after为介词，意思为“跟着，照着……的样子”…e.g. Repeat the words after me.跟我重复这些词。Will you please make the box after the model.请按照原型做这个盒子。
21. We must have looked as if we didn’t see how that could be, for after a minute she said, “I sleep sound.” (31)—这是由for连接的两个并列分句，for表示原因。第一个分句中情态动词must意为“一定，准（是）”，后面跟现在完成时态谓语动词，表示对过去事情的判断；as if引起表语从句，其中又含一宾语从句how that could be，宾语从句有省略，应为how that could be the case，“情况总能如此。”第二个分句中sound为副词，意思是“熟（睡）”。
22. I got a feeling that I ought to make some conversation, so I said I had come in to see if John wanted to put in a telephone,… (33)—这是由so连接的两个并列句，so表示结果。第一个分句中有一个that引导的同位语从句，修饰feeling一词；第二个分句中有一个省略that的宾语从句I had come…，其中有含一if引起的宾语从句作动词see的宾语。短语put in这里意思为“安装”。E.g. We can’t move into the house until they’ve put the heating in.只有等他们装完暖气，我们才能搬进这所房子。
23. You’ve convinced that there was nothing important here-nothing that would point to any motive. (34)—句中that引起一个宾语从句there was nothing…；破折号为补充说明，其中能够含一个修饰nothing的定语从句。Convince意为“使相信，说服”，常用过去分词作表语，表示“相信”。E.g. I was more convinced than ever that he knew the truth.我比以前更加相信他了解真相。
24. And yet, for all their worries, what would we do without the ladies? (44)—句子中for all的意思是“尽管”。E.g. for all his wealth, he was unhappy.尽管他有万贯家产，但他并不幸福。He is a poor musician for all his training.尽管接受了训练，他还是个蹩脚的音乐家。
25. Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies? (44)—这是一个省略句，原句应为Would you say that she is not much of a housekeeper, ladies?短语be not much of意思为“不是很好的”。E.g. He is not much of a linguist.他不是个了不起的语言学家。
26. I’ve not seen much of her of late years. (50)—句中see much of的意思为“常见到”，常用于疑问句和否定句。E.g. Do you see much of your boss? 你常见到你的老板吗？late是形容词，这里意为“最近的”；of late可作为词组，意为“近来”。E.g. My eyes have been rather bad of late.近来我的视力一直很差。
27. …they didn’t get on very well? (57)—句中get on这里的意思为“相处（得好）”。E.g. We got on together like old friends.我们在一起象老朋友一样相处。
28. But I don’t think a place’d be any cheerfuller for John Wright’s being in it. (58)—句中谓语动词think后面跟一宾语从句，从句中为一形容词比较级，cheerfuller应为more cheerful; for John Wright’s being in it为介词短语，作place的定语；其中又含一个带逻辑主语的动名词短语作介词宾语，结尾的it应省略。动名词的逻辑主语通常用名词所有格或物主代词来充当，如果不是在句首，也可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格形式。E.g. Mary’s (Her) going there is a big mistake.玛丽（她）去那里是个大错误。I don’t mind John (him) going.约翰（他）去，我没意见。
29. I suppose anything Mrs. Peters does’ll be all right. (61)—句子中suppose后面跟宾语从句，从句中的主语为anything，后面有一个省略关系代词的定语从句与Mrs. Peters does来修饰它；’ll为宾语从句的助动词的简写形式，这种情况下一般不应与宾语从句中的谓语动词does连写在一起。
30. …and keep an eye out for anything that might be of use to us. (62)—这是一个祈使句，其中含一that引起的定语从句，修饰anything一词。keep an eye out意思是“当心，警惕”。E.g. Keep an eye out, we’re close to the enemy.当心，我们已经接近敌人了。be of use=useful意为“有用处，起作用”。E.g. Don’t throw away anything that may be of use.别把任何可能有用的东西扔掉。
31. Seems mean to talk about her for not having things slicked up when she had to come away in such a hurry. (68)—这是一个省略句，应为He seems to mean to…。Mean后跟不定式可表示“打算，想”。E.g. Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.对不起，我并不想伤害你。介词for后接一动名词短语作介词短语，表示原因；动名词短语中有一过去分词短语slicked up，作宾语things的补足语，还有一个when引起的时间状语从句。Slick up为口语化表达，意思为“使整洁，使漂亮”。
32. My, it’s cold in there. (74)—My通常用于感叹句，表示惊奇。E.g. My, what a downpour.哎呀，好大的雨呀！ there在这种情况下常作副词用，通常前面不加介词in。
33. I think maybe that’s why she kept so much to herself. (76)—句中that’s why…为一省略关系代词的宾语从句，其中含有一个由why引起的表语从句。短语keep to oneself意思是“不跟别人来往”。E.g. Nobody knows much about him. He keeps to himself most of the time.大家都不太了解他，他大部分时间都不跟别人来往。此外这一短语还有“不告诉别人”的意思。E.g. He kept the news to himself.他没把这个消息告诉任何人。
34. Funny thing to want, for there isn’t much to get you dirty in jail, goodness knows. (77)—这是两个并列分句。第一个分句为省略句，应为It is funny thing to want. To want为不定式作定语，修饰thing，第二个分句由连词for引起，表示原因，其中不定式to get you dirty in jail也作定语修饰much一词。
35. But I suppose just to make her feel more natural. (77)—这是一个省略句，在suppose后面的宾语从句中省略了主谓结构，应为it is just to make…。
（待续）
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高级英语笔记
