UNIT 11 DO WE NEED EXTRA VITAMINS?
GLOSSARY

appetite n. physical desire for food 食欲
application n. use应用
arise v. come into existence; appear 出现
attendant a. connected with 伴随的；有联系的
authority n. the power or right to make others obey and believe 权；权力
category n. division or class in a complete system or grouping 种类
challenge v. question the lawfulness or rightness of 对…表示异议，怀疑
compensate v. give sth. to make up 弥补
confine v. restrict 限制
contender n. rival, competitor 竞争者；对手
deficiency n. the state of being short of 缺乏；不足
derive v. get 获得,得到
describe v. say what is like 描写；描述
dictate v. drive 驱使
element n. a small amount 小量
excrete v. get rid of waste from the body 排泄
genuine a. real 真正的
guardian n. one who is responsible for the care of a person and his property 保护人
indiscriminately ad. as one wishes 随心所欲地
individual n. a single being 个人
instinctively ad. subconsciously 本能地，下意识地
investigate v. make a careful study of 调查
junk n. material of poor quality 劣质品
lapse n. shortage 缺乏
mimic v. appear so like 酷似
pertinent a. relevant 有关的，相干的
potent a. strongly effective 有效力的
prudent a. careful 谨慎的；小心的
purchase n. buying 买
relieve v. lessen 减轻
replace v. take the place of 取代
resort n. the thing offering help 所求助的东西
rubbish n. waste material 垃圾；废物
safeguard n. the thing to give protection 保护物
scarcely ad. almost not 几乎不
super a. wonderful 极好的
supplement n. sth. added 添加物
teetotaler n. one who never touches wine 滴酒不沾的人
trial n. testing 试验
ubiquitous a. appearing or existing everywhere 无处不在的
calory n.(热量)卡
carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物
clinical a. 临床的
density n. 浓度
dose n. 剂量
hamburger n. 汉堡包
mineral n. 矿物质
nutrition n. 营养
nutritious n. 营养的
pizza n.(意大利)馅饼
placebo n.安慰药
prophylactic a. 预防性的
protein n. 蛋白质
psychological a. 心理上的
psychology n.心理学
snack n. 快餐
symptom n. 症状
therapeutic a. 治疗的
therapy n. 疗法
urine n. 尿
vitamin n. 维生素

UNIT 12 THE CONSUMERGLOSSARY
abundance n. a great quantity; plenty 丰富，充裕
account for make up, cover 占
accumulate v. collect 积累，积聚
adjust v. change to fit new conditions 调整，调节
ahead adv. forward 向前
brand n. a class of goods which is the product of a particular firm or producer 商标，牌子
breadwinner n. the person who supports the family 养家活口的人
cash n. money in coins or notes 现金，现款
ceiling n. the highest limit 最高限度
charge n. the price asked or paid for an article or service 索要的价钱，费用
competitor n. rival 竞争者；对手
confront v. face boldly or threateningly 面对，面临
consumer n. a person who buys and uses goods and services 消费者，用户
cue n. an indirect suggestion 暗示
decline n. loss of strength 下降；衰退
disposable a. that can be used 可以使用的，可以利用的
economize v. save 节约，节省
endless a. never stopping 无止境的；没完的
essentially ad. basically 基本地
even out have equal share of 平分
firm n. business company 公司；商行
forgo v. give up 放弃
fund n. a sum of money for special use 资金，基金
goal n. one’s aim or purpose one wishes to reach 目的，目标
inflation n. the rising cost of living 通货膨胀；物价飞涨
insurance n. agreement by contract to pay money in case of a misfortune 保险
involve v. have sth. as a result 牵涉；包括
lay off dismiss, fire 解雇
manufacturer n. a person or firm that produces goods 制造商；生产厂
match with make sth. suitable for use with 与…相配；与… 相适合
mortgage n. an agreement to have money lent, esp. to buy a house 抵押
necessity n. something that is necessary 必需品
normally ad. usually 一般地；通常
obligation n. duty 责任，职责
operate v. work 操作；工作
output n. production 生产；产量
periodically ad. at regular intervals 定期地；周期地
plague v. cause continual discomfort or trouble to 折磨；使苦恼
policy-holder a person who pays money for insurance 投保人，保险客户
poll n. survey of public opinions 民意测验
premium n. a sum of money paid to an insurance company 保险费
produce n. product 产品
prospect n. hope 希望；前景
reap v. obtain or gain (a reward of action or work ) 获得，得到
recession n. a period of reduced activity of trade （工商业的）衰退
regulation n. control 控制
repossess v. have the ownership again 重新占有
sale n. selling of goods at low prices; selling 减价出售；拍卖；卖，出售
scarce a. hard to find 难以找到的；稀有的；珍贵的
schedule n. timetable 时间表
seemingly ad. in appearance 表面地
slacken v. reduce in activity 减慢；（商业）呆滞
sputter v. stop woking 停息，停掉
stampede n. rush 蜂拥
temporary a. lasting for only a period of time 暂时的；临时的
tight a. difficult to get 难以得到的
trigger v. lead to 引导，导致
tug n. a hard fight 激烈的较量；拉锯战
typical a. very usual of a type 典型的
unmarketable a. unable to be sold in the market 不能在市场上出售的
utility n. any useful service for the public 公用事业
vary v. be different; change 不同；变化
view n. a personal opinion, idea, belief, etc. 观点，见解，意见
worthwhile a. worth doing 值得干的
disposable income 可支配收入
real-estate 房地产，不动产

UNIT 13 WOMEN AND TOBACCO
GLOSSARY
advocate n. a person who speaks for or supports an idea, way of life, etc. 鼓吹者；提倡者
affluent a. having plenty of money or other possessions 丰富的；富裕的
agenda n. a list of the business or subjects to be considered at a meeting 议事日程表
appropriate a. correct or suitable 适当的；合适的
ban v. forbid, esp. by law 禁止
cessation n. a short pause or a stop　停止
dramatic a. sudden or exciting 戏剧般的；激动人心的
encourage v. give courage or hope to (sb.) 鼓励；促进
enthusiasm n. a strong feeling of interest and admiration　热情；热心
environment n. all the surrounding conditions which influence growth and development 环境
epidemic n. a very common infectious disease in a place for a time 流行病；时疫
escalate v. rise one after the other 逐渐上升
estimate v. calculate; form an opinion as to the degree 估计；估量
expose v. make known ( a secretly guilty person or action) 揭露；暴露
glamorous a. having or causing the power of attraction 有魅力的
hazard n. (of activity) which contains risk or danger 危险；冒险
identify v. power or show who or what a particular person or thing is 认出；识别；验明
impact n. the force of an idea, invention, system, etc　效果；影响；冲击
increasingly ad. more and more all the time 日益
induce v. lead (sb.) (into an act) often by persuading 引诱；劝使
involuntary a. acting or done unwillingly 非自愿的
legislate v. make laws 立法
mortality n. the number of deaths from a certain cause 死亡数
pollute v. make (air, water, soil, etc.) dangerously impure or unfit to use 污染
predicate v. state firmly 断言；声明
respiratory v. connected with breathing 呼吸（作用）的
responsible a. morally liable for the carrying out of some duty 有责任的；尽责的
restrict v. keep within limits 限制；约束
revenue n. in come, esp. that which the government receives as taxes　（国家的）税收
reverse v. change to the opposite 反向；颠倒
statistics n. collected numbers which represent facts or measurements 统计数字；统计资料
subtle a. delicate, hardly noticeable, and esp. pleasant 精巧的；敏感的
tackle v. deal with (a matter) 处理；解决
toll n. the cost in health, life, etc. from illness, an accident 重大的代价，损失；（事故的）伤亡人数
cardiovascular a. 心血管（性）的
lethal stroke 　由于中风而引起的死亡

UNIT 14 WATER IN INDUSTRYGLOSSARY
accessible a. able to be reached 可接近的，能进去的
alter v. change in character, appearance, etc. 改变
bleach v. make or become white 漂白
condense v. (of a gas ) change to liquid 冷凝
dam n. a wall or bank built to keep back water 水坝，水堤
dense a. Crowded together in great numbers 密集的；稠密的
deposit n. layer of matter left 沉淀，淤积
derive v. obtain, get 取得，得到
devise v. think out (plans) 想出（计划）
dye v. color, usu. by dipping in a liquid 染，把…染上颜色
evaporate v. change into steam and disappear 蒸发；挥发
exert v. put forth产生
exploit v. develop fully so as to get profit 开发，利用
extract v. take out with a machine or instrument or by chemical means 取出；提取
extraction n. the act of extracting 提取
fraction n. small part 小部分；一点儿
hydroelectric a. of electricity produced by water power 水力发电的
inaccessible a. that cannot be reached 达不到的；难接近的
inexhaustible a. that cannot be used up completely 用不完的；无穷无尽的
initial a. of or at the beginning 最初的，开始的
moisture n. water or other liquids in the form of steam or mist潮气，湿气
process n. method,esp. one used in manufacture of industry 工序；制作法
regulate v. fix or control 控制，操纵
source n. place from which sth. comes or is got 来源地；来源
ultimately ad. basically; finally 基本地；最终
utilize v. make use of 利用
vital a. very necessary 必不可少的，极其重要的
calcium n. 钙
carbonate n. 碳酸盐
dissolved a. 溶于液体中的
gravity n. 万有引力
ingot n. （金属）铸块，锭

UNIT 15 SAMPLING THE MARKET
GLOSSARY
absolutely ad. completely 绝对地；完全地
allocation n. the giving of shares 分配；配给
appreciably ad. noticeably; enough to be fact, or considered important 可估计地；足以感到地
at random aimlessly without any plan 无目的；无计划
categorization n. putting in a class or category 分类
category n. kind; class; type 种类；类目
certainty n. freedom of doubt 无疑问；确实
deviation n. the difference (between a measure and the average of all the measures 偏差
diagonal a. slanting 斜的
estimate v. calculate; form an opinion as to the degree of sth. 估计；评价
extrapolate v. guess from known facts 推知；推断
fluke n. a lucky accident 侥幸
freak n. a living creature of unnatural form; a person with father strange habits or ideas 畸形的人
lopsided a. having one side heavier or lower than the other; not balanced 倾斜的；不平衡的
observations n. saying or writings about things noticed 观察材料(或报告)
potential a. existing in possibility 潜在的；有可能性的
probability n. likelihood; the chance of an event happening 可能性
provided conj. on condition that; if us …为条件；假如
questionnaire a piece of paper showing a set of questions to be answered 问题表；调查表
representative a. typical 代表性的；典型的
rogue n. a very dishonest person, esp. a man 流氓；无赖
sampling n. calculating by taking and examining a small part representing the whole 取样检验
skew a. not straight; sloping or twisted 斜的；歪的；偏的
stroke n. a line made by a single movement of a pen or brush in writing 一笔；一划
subdivision smaller group or class produced by further dividing 由再分分出的部份；细分
sympathetic a. having or slowing the ability to share the feelings of others 同情的；有同情心的
tally n. mark to register a fixed number of objects or units 计数的签；筹码；记录
throw up v. produce 产生
tolerance n. margin of error; the amount by which the measure of a value can vary from the amount intended 容限；容许量
tolerate vt. allow; permit 容忍；默许
cross-section 横断面；截面
formular n. 公式
histogram n. 直方图；矩形图
gradient n. 斜度；变化率
margin n. 差数；幅度；余地；界限
polling n. 民意测验
proportional a. 成正比例的；相称的
statistician n. 统计员；统计学家
statistics n. 统计；统计学；统计资料

UNIT 16　　GETTING THE MOST FROM THE MICRO BOOMGLOSSARY
affordable a. able to be bought 买得起
anguish n. severe suffering 极度的痛苦
apparent a. easily seen or understood; plain 显而易见的
available a. that can be obtained 能得到的
axiom n. statement accepted as true without proof or argument 公理；格言
boom n. rapid growth or increase 激增，暴涨
commodity n. a thing of use sold for profit 商品
consequently ad. as a result 结果
corrupt a. immoral; depraved; dishonest 不道德的；腐败的；不诚实的
delay v. & n. put off until later; stop for a time or cause to be late; the act of delaying or the state of being delayed 推迟，耽搁，延误
denote v. indicate 表示，指示
detail v. describe fully 详述
diverse a. of different kinds 多种多样的
entrepreneur n. a person who organises and manages a commercial undertaking 企业家
forethought n. wise planning for future needs 深谋远虑
illustrate vt. explain by examples （用例子）阐明
inextricably a. inseparably 无法摆脱的
main n. principal pipe bringing water or gas （水或煤气等的）总管道
marked a. clear; readily seen 清楚的，显而易见的
portion n. part 部分
precise a. exact in form, detail, time, measurements, etc. 精确的
primarily ad. mainly; chiefly 主要的，首要的
programming n. supplying a computer with a plan of the operations to be performed 程序输入
rage v. be very violent 大怒
sizable a. rather large (=sizeable) 相当大的
specimen n. one as an example of a class 抽样，标本
startlingly ad. surprisingly; shockingly 惊人地
tangible a. that can be felt by touch 可触知的
vague a. not clear in meaning 含糊的
variation n. difference or alternation 变化，变更
wary a. careful 小心翼翼的
wreak havoc cause widespread damage 浩劫；造成严重破坏
adaptor n. 接合器；接头
desktop a. 台式的
ledger n. 分类帐

UNIT 17 MOST IMPORTANT THING YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR CHILD
GLOSSARY
advocate v. speak in favor of (an idea or plan) 拥护；提倡
auditorium n. a hall where people sit when listening to or watching a performance 礼堂；讲堂
context n. the setting of a word, phrase, etc. 上下文
dismiss v. treat as not serious; put away 不予考虑
essence n. the most important quality of a thing 精粹；本质
foremost a. most important 最重要的
giggle v. laugh repeatedly in an uncontrolled manner esp. by young girls 咯咯地笑
hook v. attract, catch as if with a hook 引(人)上钩；欺骗
hug v. hold (someone) tightly in the arm 紧抱；紧紧拥抱
hunch n. idea based on feeling 预感
illustrate v. explain 说明；阐明
lament v. express sorrow for 悲痛；伤心
nourish v. cause to stay alive or grow by giving food, etc 养育；施肥于；供给营养
nuance n. a slight delicate quality or difference in meaning, etc. 细微差别
nurture v. give care to, educate 养育；培育
phenomenal a. very unusual 非凡的；出众的
proficiency n. being thoroughly skilled, well practiced 熟练；精通
promote v. bring to public notice in order to increase (sales, fame, etc) 宣传；推销(商品等)
sheepishly ad. uncomfortably from being fearful of others 局促不安地；恐惧不安地
spot v. pick out with the eye; recognize 认出；发现
stake n. interest; something that may be gained or lost 利益；利害关系；赌注
stimulate v. increase in activity; excite the body or mind 促进；激发；刺激
subscribe v. pay regularly to receive a magazine, etc. 订阅；预订
voracious a. showing a limitless eagerness for sth. 贪婪的；贪得无厌的
syndrome n. (医)综合病症(表现为身体或脑部的紊乱)
parenting n. 父母对待子女般的照顾（指要像父母对待子女那样照顾某人）

UNIT 18 BY THEIR COLOURS YOU SHALL KNOW THEMGLOSSARY
aquamarine n. bluish green 蓝绿色
biannual a. every two years 一年两次的
brash a. hasty and too bold 轻率的；鲁莽的
calculate v. plan or design 计划，打算
colourwise ad. in connection with colour 与颜色有关地
compromise n. act of settling an argument by taking a middle course acceptable to all sides 妥协，和解
coordinate v. work together, esp. to increase effectiveness 协作；协调
denim n. jeans 工装裤；牛仔裤
diversity n. variety 多样性
docile a. easily trained or controlled 容易驯服的；驯顺的，驯良的
ecru n. a pale dull yellowish brown 淡褐色
eye-dazzling a. making unable to see clearly because of too much light or brilliance, etc. 令人眼花缭乱的
femininity n. quality of being suitable for women 女子的气质，女人气
garishly ad. over-colouredly 花花绿绿地；过于花哨地
intangible a. that cannot be touched or grasped 触摸不到的；不可捉摸的
intensity n. strength or depth (of feeling, colour, etc.) 强度；深度
interior n. the inside of a building 内部
pastel n. soft, light, delicate shades of colour 彩色蜡笔
profusion n. abundance, great supply 丰富；大量
prompt v. help to bring ;cause or urge to do sth. 有助于；促使
reorientate v. give different direction or guidance to 再定方向；转而导向
ruby n. red jewel 红宝石
sans prep. without 无，没有
savannah n. treeless, grassy plain in tropical and subtropical America and East and West Africa （美洲及东非，西非的热带、亚热带）无树平原
sceptical a. unwilling to believe; doubtful 不愿相信的；怀疑的
secretariat n. office of the Secretary-General of a large organization 秘书处
shade n. degree or depth of colour (色彩的)浓淡
sizzling a. making a hissing sound as if water falling on hot metal 发出咝咝声的
sophisticated a. having or showing a knowledge of social life and behaviour 老于世故的；老练的，非常有经验的
speculate v. think (about a matter ) without facts that would lead to firm result 推测
subtlety n. the quality of being difficult to perceive or describe 微妙，精巧
succession n. the coming of one thing after another in time or order 连续，接续
surge n. forward movement like powerful waves 汹涌，澎湃
turquoise n. greenish blue precious stone 绿松石
tutelage n. guardianship 守护，保护
unwary a. uncautious 粗心大意的；不警惕的
vermilion n. bright red 朱红色
vibrancy n. thrilling, vibrating 活跃；振动
yuppie n. any of those young professionals of 1960’s variously regarded as upscale, ambitious, materialistic, etc. 城市职业阶层中的年轻人士，雅皮士
zeitigeist n. the spirit of times 时代精神，时代思潮
Aegean a. 爱琴海的
Day-Glo a. 狄格洛加色剂的
neon n. 氖
palette n. 调色板
psychedelic a. 引起幻觉的
pumpkin n. 南瓜；南瓜色
textile n. 纺织品；纺织原料textiles 纺织业
yarn n. 纱，线，毛线

UNIT 19
GLOSSARY
awash a. washed over by the waves 被浪潮冲打的
cleanse v. make clean 使清洁
cluster v. form a close group 使成群；群集；丛生
cope v. manage successfully 妥善处理
destination n. place to which sb. or sth. is going or is being sent 目的地
detergent n. a chemical product used for cleaning clothing, dishes, etc.　清洁剂
effluent n. liquid waste 流出物；液体废物
endemic a. (of a disease) found regularly in a particular place (疾病等)地方性的
filth disgusting dirt 污物
flush v. flow suddenly and freely 奔流；涌
foul v. make dirty or impure 　弄脏；污染
gravely ad. seriously 严肃地
hazard n. danger 危险
infect v. give a disease to, contaminate 感染
inhabit v. live in 居住于
landlocked a. almost or entirely surrounded by land 被陆地围住的
lurk . exist unseen; wait in hiding 潜伏
nourish v. keep alive and well with food to, train, educate, or develop 养育；培养；教养
outbreak n. sudden occurrence 爆发
overestimate v. have too high an opinion of the degree or number of 过高估计
periodic a. happening repeatedly at regular times 间歇的；定期的
pollute v. make dirty 污染
popular a. favoured by many people 大众喜爱的
remorseless a. feeling or showing no sorrow for doing wrong 不懊悔的
seductive a. attractive, seemingly enticing 有吸引力的；富有魅力的
sewage n. the waste material and water carried in sewers （阴沟里的）污物
slime n. soft, nasty, thick, sticky mud 软泥；粘泥
sluice v. send a stream of water over 奔流；奔泻
stifle v. prevent from happening or continuing 抑制；镇压
cholera 　n.霍乱
dysentery n. 痢疾
lagoon n. 环礁湖；咸水湖
paratyphoid n. 副伤寒
pesticide n. 杀虫剂
plankton n. 浮游生物
polio n. 脊髓灰质炎；小儿麻痹症
shellfish n. 水生贝类动物
typhoid n.伤害
viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎

UNIT 20 OUR DISAPPEARING WILDLIFEGLOSSARY
bounty n. money given (by government ) for reward （政府给的）奖励金
carrion n. dead and decaying flesh 腐尸
decompose v. break up and separate into simple parts; decay 分解
departure n. leaving a place 离别
endanger v. put in danger; cause danger to 危害；危及
expansion n. making or becoming larger 扩张，膨胀
exterminate v. make an end of ; destroy completely 根除，灭绝
fatal a. causing or ending in death or disaster 致命的
habitat n. the natural home of a plant or animal 动植物产地
hemisphere n. a half of the earth; half a sphere 半球
injurious a. causing harm 致伤的，有害的
millennium n. a period of 1000 years . pl. millennia 一千年
persecution n. cruel treatment 残害，迫害
predator n. wild animal living by killing and eating other amimals 捕食其它动物的野生动物
preserve n. stretch of land or water where animals, birds and fish are kept safe from harm or danger. 禁猎地
prospect n. reasonable hope; sth. which is expected 前程；盼望的事物
refuge n. shelter or protection from danger 避难所
remnant n. a part that remains 剩余部分
roam wander with no clear aim 漫步，漫游
scavenger n. a bird or an animal that feeds on wastes or decaying flesh 食腐动物
splendid a. grand in appearance; glorious; very fine; excellent 优异的，壮丽的
subtle a. delicate, hardly noticeable; difficult to perceive or describe 微妙的；难以捉摸的
superstition n. false belief not based on scientific knowledge 迷信
toll n. the cost in health, life, etc. from illness, an accident, etc. 重大的代价；伤亡人数
transition n. changing from one condition to another 变迁，转变
unprecedented a. never done or known before 无前例的
unrelenting a. not becoming less in intensity 不松懈的
wilderness n. an area of land with little life 荒野
bobcat n. （北美东部最常见的一种）野猫
bighorn sheep 大角羊
boll weevil 棉铃象虫
buffalo n. 水牛；野牛
calcium n. 钙
coyote n. （产于北美西部草原的）郊狼，小狼
Department of the Interior 内务部
elk n. 麋
grizzly bear 灰熊
passenger pigeon 旅鸽
（一种已经绝种的北美野鸽）
pelican n. 鹈鹕
potato beetle 马铃薯甲虫
prairie dog 草原犬鼠（产于北美，鸣声似狗的一种土拨鼠）
pronghorn antelope 叉角羚
subspecies 亚种
the Atlantic 大西洋
the Pacific 太平洋
timber wolf （北美北部产的）林狼
whooping crane 鸣鹤