UNIT 31
GLOSSARY
accumulative a. tending to make or become greater in number or quantity; heap up 积累的，积聚的
activate v. make active 使活跃起来
anonymous a. without a name; with name unknown 无名的；匿名的
apprehension n. (legal) seizing 逮捕
authorize v. allow; permit 许可
asset n. anything owned that has money value 财产
attributable a. that can be considered to be result of; accessible to 可归属的；可归因的
compromise v. make (someone or sth.) open to dishonour, danger, etc. 损害，损坏
confidential a. secret 秘密的
corporate a. of or belonging to a corporation 社团的，法人的
cumulative a. increasing steadily in amount 累积的，渐增的
debug v. search for and remove possible causes of trouble, faults, errors, etc. from a computer programme 　移去（程序）中的错误
deliberate a. intentional; done on purpose 蓄意的，故意的
detect v. discover 发现
erase v. rube or scrape out; remove all traces of 擦去，消去痕迹
erasure n. rubbing out; scraping out 删去，消除
espionage n. practice of spying or using spies 谍报，间谍活动
extortion n. the act of obtaining by violence, threats, etc. 敲诈，勒索
generate v. produce 产生
incorporate v. include; make sth. a part of a group 收编，使结成社团
inevitably ad. always unfailingly 照例必有的，老一套的
install v. place fix (apparatus) in position for use 安装
installation n installing or being installed 安置，安装
intimidate v. make sb. fearful enough to do what one wants 恫吓，威胁
log v. record; enter facts in a log-book 记录
lucrative a. profitable 有利的，赚钱的
misappropriation n. taking and using wrongly; application of sb. else’s money to a wrong use 滥用，盗用
package n. parcel, bale, bundle of things；packed together 包裹
paralyse v. make helpless 使瘫痪；使麻痹
paramount a. supreme; highest in rank 至上的
payroll n. list of person to be paid and the amounts due to each total amount of wages, salaries, etc. to be paid to them　工资名单，发放的工资额
permeate v. pass, flow or spread into every part of 渗入，弥漫
sabotage n. purposeful and secretly carried-out damage 蓄意破坏
stereotype n. a fixed pattern representing a type of person, things or events 陈规；老套
substantial a. large, considerable 大的，多的
terminate v. bring to an end; come to an end 使终止
time-bomb 　a bomb designed to explode at some time after being dropped, placed in position, etc. 定时炸弹
trigger n. the small tongue of metal pressed by the finger to five a gun 报机，触发器
virtually ad. almost, nearly 实际上
vulnerable a. that is liable to be damaged; not protected against attack 易受损害的
hardware n. 硬件
software n. 软件　
vault n. (银行等的)保管库

UNIT 32 TRAITOR BLAKE CAN PROFIT FROM MEMOIRGLOSSARY
allegation n. statement esp. one made without proof 断言，主张；辩解（尤指提不出证明的）；空言
appeal (to) v. call on a higher court to change the decision of a lower court 上诉
bemused a. confused, bewildered 困惑的，茫然的
betrayal n. the act of being unfaithful 背叛；出卖
breach n. an act of breaking a law, promise, etc. 违法；违约；不履行
capacity n. position, character, ability, power 职位，资格；能力；能量
capture n. the act of being taken by force 捕获，俘虏
confidence n. full trust; secret 信任；吐露的秘密
confidential a. spoken or written in secret 秘密的，机密的
confidentiality n. the quality of keeping secret 秘密性，保密性
convict v. (of a judge )declare in a law court sb. is guilty (of crime) 宣布…有罪
count n. (legal) one of a number of crimes of which a person has been accused (控告的一条)罪状
criminal n. a person who is guilty of crime 罪犯，犯人
deduct v. take away (an amount, a part) from a total 扣除，减去
defendant n. a person in a law trial against whom a charge is brought 被告
depress v. make sad, low in spirits 使沮丧，使消沉
dismiss v. (of a judge ) stop a court case; send away from employment 驳回，对……不予受理
enshrine v. put or keep (as if in a holy place) 珍藏
extinguish v. end the existence of (sth.); put out ( a light or fire) 消灭；熄灭
fidelity n. faithfulness, loyalty 忠诚，忠实
gross a. clearly wrong in law; inexcusable 罪恶昭彰的；不可原谅的
guilty a. having broken a law 犯罪的，有罪的
impart v. give (qualities, knowledge, etc.) 给予；传授；传递
inquiry n. actions and meetings which are to find out how something happened 侦察；审讯
intelligence n. information gathered esp. about an enemy country 情报；谍报
interference n. breaking in upon (other’s affairs) without right or invitation 干涉，干预；干扰
jail n. public prison 监狱
layman n. non-professional person, not expert (esp. with reference to the law and medicine) 门外汉，外行
lodge v. make (a statement ) officially; stay, usu. for a short time 正式提出，正式发表；（暂）住
memoir n. a story of someone’s life, esp. personal life 传记，传略
obligation n. duty 义务；职责，责任
plead v. speak or argue in support of 为…辩护
preside v. be in charge; lead 负责；指挥；主管
profit v. be benefited 得益
recover v. get back (sth. lost ) 重新获得；重新找到
royalty n. sum paid to the owner of a copyright 版税
rule v. decide officially 作出裁决，作出裁定
safeguard v. protect 保护；捍卫；维护
signal n. a sound, image, or message sent by waves as in radio or television 信号
solicitor n. lawyer who prepares legal documents, advises clients on legal matters and speak on their behalf in lower courts (初级)律师
spy n. a person employed to find out secret information as from an enemy 间谍；侦探
surpass v. go beyond in amount or degree 超过，胜过undertake v. affirm, promise; take up (a position ) 肯定地说，保证，许诺；从事
the Attorney-General 首席检察官，检察长
fiduciary a. 信托的；信用的；n. 受信托人

UNIT 33 YOU CALL THIS A GOOD ECONOMY?
GLOSSARY
adjust v. change slightly to make suitable for new conditions 调整，调节
bet n. risk of money on the result of a future event 打赌的钱，赌注
bindery n. place where books are bound 装订所
boom v. grow rapidly 　迅速成长，迅速发展
bracket n. a group of people who share some quality 一类人，等级
breadwinner n. person who works to support a family 养家活口的人
bureaucrat n. government officer who is appointed rather than elected 官僚
capital n. money that may be used for the production of more wealth 资本，资金
compassion n. feeling for the sufferings of others, sympathy 同情，怜悯
contract v. become smaller in size 收缩，缩小
credit n. honour, approval; trust; public attention 荣誉，赞成，相信，信任，瞩目，注目
decently ad. not causing shame or shock to others 不使别人感到害羞地；不使别人感到震惊地
deduction n. amount taken away 扣除量，扣除
efficiency n. the state or quality of working well and without waste 有能力，效力，效率
enterprise n. the courage that is needed to do sth. daring or difficult; an organization esp. a business firm 　事业心；事业，企业
equivalent n. sth. that is equal in value, amount, meaning 相等物，等值物，等量物，对应词（语）
expand v.( cause to) grow large 扩大，增长，膨胀
maze n. state of confusion or bewilderment; network of lines, paths, etc. 　混乱，迷惑
net n. a remaining amount after tax is paid 净值,净利
physical a. concerning material things 物质的
primal a. first in importance 主要的，首要的
proxy n. an example (of what others are like) 示例，代表
reckon v. calculate without counting exactly 估算，估计
regulator n. person who causes to obey a rule or standard 管理者，调整者
scale n. arrangement in steps or degrees 阶段，等级
sluggish a. slow moving, not very active or quick 缓慢的，懒惰的
stink v. give a strong bad smell 发恶臭
sustain v. keep strong; maintain 支撑，撑住，维持，保持
trounce v. defeat completely; beat or publish severely 打败；痛打；严厉惩罚
tuition n. fee for teaching 学费
upscale a. better than ordinary things, belonging to first-class 质优的；（商品）质优价高的，迎合高层次消费者的
warp n. a twist out of straight line 弯曲，歪斜
yield v. provide, give, produce 　提供，给予，出产
inflated a.(物价)上涨的，通货膨胀的
principal 　n.本金

UNIT 34GUNMEN SLAUGHTER GREEK PILGRIMS AT CAIRO HOTEL
GLOSSARY

assailant n. attacker 攻击者，进攻者
confine v. keep within limits 限制
crawl v. move slowly, pulling the body along the ground 爬，爬行；匍匐前进
cripple v. weaken seriously 严重削弱
decline v. refuse politely 谢绝
dodge v. move quickly to escape or avoid sth. 躲闪，躲避，躲藏
extremist n. a person who holds extreme views 极端主义者；过激分子
file v. walk in line 排成纵队行进
flight n. the aircraft making a journey 班机
frail a. weak, fragile 虚弱的；脆弱的
grief n. deep or violent sorrow 悲痛，悲伤
herd v. drive people together as a herd 使集在一起，把…赶在一起
holy a. of God and religion 神的；神圣的
intact a. undamaged 未受损的；完整的
lobby n. a hall or passage, which leads from the entrance to the rooms inside a building 门廊；门厅
martyr n. a person who by his death or sufferings proves the strength of his beliefs 烈士；殉难者
miracle n. remarkable and surprising event 奇迹；非凡的事例；令人惊奇的事情
pilgrim n. a person who travels to a holy place as an act of religious love and respect 香客，朝山进香的人，朝拜圣地者
pilgrimage n. a journey made by a pilgrim 朝圣，朝觐
radical a. (of a person or his opinions) in favour of thorough and complete political change 激进的；激进派的
riddle (with) make many holes in (sth.) 把…打得布满窟窿
riot n. a lot of violent actions, noisy behaviour by a number of people in a public place 暴乱，骚动
score n. twenty, set of twenty 二十
secular a. not religious 世俗的；非宗教（或教会）的
shatter v. break suddenly and violently into pieces 粉碎，破碎
shield n. a broad piece of metal, wood, plastic carried by soldiers, police as protection from blows 盾；防护物；护罩
slaughter v. kill many people cruelly or wrongly 屠杀；残杀
smear v. cover with sth. sticky 涂，抹；敷
spate n. a large number coming together in time 大量；许多
stun v. shock, confuse the mind of 震惊，使大吃一惊；使不知所措
suspicion n. belief about someone’s guilt 怀疑，猜疑；嫌疑
van n. covered or roofed motor vehicle for carrying or delivering goods 大篷货车
wage v. carry on, engage in (war, a compaign) 开展，进行
witness n. a person who is present when something happens 证人；目击者
plastic a. 合成树脂做成的，塑胶做成的
pyramid n. （古埃圾）金字塔
shrapnel n. 榴霰弹

UNIT 35 THE FUTURE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
GLOSSARY
abundantly ad. in more than enough quantity 充足地
alternative n. sth. that way take the place of another thing 替代物
availability n. obtaining 获得
commodity n. goods; sth. sold for profit 商品
consultation n. exchange of opinions and ideas 商量；磋商
contain v. hold 包住，装
contribution n. the act of giving things or money 捐献
convert v. change from one form or state to another 变换，转换
cooperation n. working together for a common interest 　合作
core n. the central part　核心
emerge v. come into being 出现
emigration n. leaving one’s own country in order to go and live in another 移居
endeavor v. make an effort 努力
factor n. element 因素
fluctuate v. vary from one form or state to another 波动，起伏
impact n. effect 影响
innovation n. the introduction of sth. new 革新，创新
level off come to a stop　停滞
merger n. a joining of 2 or more firms, business companies, etc. 合并，联合
objective n. purpose of a plan 目标，目的
pace n. rate or speed of development 　（发展的）速度，节奏
predict v. see or describe a future happening in advance 预见，预言
preserve v. keep safe from harm or danger 保护，防护
release v. give off 释放，放出
renewed a. of being repeated 重新开始的；（中断之后）继续的
risky a. full of danger 　危险的
scarcity n. inadequate supply compared with demands 缺乏，匮乏
specify v. mention exactly 详细介绍，详细说明
speculate v. guess 推测，猜测
storage n. keeping things in a place for later use 贮藏；贮存
sustain v. support 支撑，支持
tourism n. the business of providing tours for tourists 旅游业
trend n. tendency 趋势，倾向
various a. different from each other 各种各样的，各不相同的
converter n. 变换器
dietary a.饮食的
geothermal a. 地热的
geyser n. 间歇喷泉
hydrogen n.氢
lava n.熔岩
radiation n.辐射
saturation n. 饱和
solar a. 太阳的
thermal a.热的
uranium n.铀

UNIT 36THE WORLD BANK AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
GLOSSARY
adjust v. change slightly, esp. in order to make suitable for a particular job or new conditions 调整
appraise v. judge the worth, quality, or condition of 估价，评估
combine v. come together, unite, act together, or join together 结合，联合
concentrate v. (cause to)come together in or around one place 集中
contribute v. help in bringing about;have a share in 出一份力
cooperative a. make, done, or worked by people acting together 合作的
credit n. the sum of money placed at a person’s disposal by a bank, etc.; advance or loan 存款；贷款
currency n. the particular type of money in use in a country 货币
defend v. keep safe from harm 防卫
deflate v. reduce the supply of money (of) or lower the level of 紧缩（银根）
disequilibria n. loss or lack of balance 失衡
envisage v. have picture in the mind; imagine 设想，想像
establish v. set up 建立
evaluate v. calculate the value or degree of 估价，把…定值
extreme a. the greatest possible 极端的
fiscal a. of or related to public money, taxes, debts, etc. 财政的
gallant a. courageous 有勇气的
imply v. involve the truth of 意指，暗指
institution n. a large society or organization 机构
invest v. put money into something that will increase in value 投资
lynchpin n. an important part 关键
mitigation n. lessening the seriousness of 缓解，缓和
nurture v. train, educate or develop 养育，培育，教养
peg v. fix or hold at a certain level 固定，限定
persist v. continue firmly 坚持
premium n. money paid to an insurance company 保险费
private a. personal; not shared with others 私人的，个人的
proceeds n. money gained from the sale 收入，收益
proportion n. a part or share 部份，份儿
sound a. solid and strong 坚实的，稳定的
sour v. turning out to be bad or wrong; disappointing 使变酸腐；使失望
speculate v. buy or deal in goods , shares, etc. 投机
stable a. not easily moved, upset, or changed; firm; steady 稳固的，稳定的
subscribe v. give money to 捐助
surplus n. (an amount ) additional to what is needed or use, as of money 余额
float bands 发行债券
parity n. 平价（指官定货币汇兑比值）
softloan n. 软币贷款

UNIT 37 COSMIC CLOSE-UPS
GLOSSARY
astronaut n. a person who travels through space in a space vehicle 宇航员
astrophysics n. the scientific study of the chemical nature of the stars and the natural forces that influence them 天体物理学
billow v. rise and roll in waves （波浪似地）翻腾
breathtaking a. very exciting 激动人心地
capture v. hold the interest of; captivate 引起（注意）；迷住
cataclysm n. a violent and sudden change or event 灾变，大变动
churn v. (cause to) more about violently 剧烈搅动
collaborate v. work together or with someone else 协作，合作
collision n. the action of meeting and striking (together) violently 碰撞，冲突
cosmic a. of or related to the whole universe 宇宙的
cosmos n. the whole universe 宇宙
crucial a. of deciding importance 决定性的，关键的
devastate v. destroy completely 彻底破坏
dimension n. a measurement in any one direction 尺寸，尺度，维
distract v. take (a person or a person’s mind) off sth. 分散，分心
domesticate v. make…able to live with and serve man 驯化，使归化
elliptical a. having the shape of oval 椭圆型的
exquisite a. very finely made or done; sensitive and delicate 优美的，精巧的，敏锐的
fragment n. a small broken piece 碎块，断片
galaxy n. any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe 星系
gigantic a. unusually large in amount or size 巨人似的，庞大的
gravitation n. the act of drawing down 地心引力，吸引力
horizon n. line at which earth and sky meet 地平线
illuminate v. give light to 照亮，照明
intricate a. containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand 复杂的，难懂的
melancholy n. sadness, esp. over a period of time and not for any particular reason 伤感，忧郁
mission n. the duty or purpose for which a certain group of people are sent 使命，任务
momentous a. extremely important 重大的，重要的
mothball v. be in storage 　封存
obscure a. hard to understand; not clear 　昏暗的，模糊不清的
observatory n. a place from which scientists watch the stars and other heavenly bodies 天文台
opaque a. lasting for ever or for a long time 永恒的，不断的
perspective n. a view, esp. one stretching far into the distance 　前景，展望
plausible a. seeming to be true or reasonable 似合理的
potential a. existing in possibility 　潜在的，有可能性的
precision n. great exactness 精确，精密
profound a. having, showing or suing thorough knowledge and deep understanding 深刻的，渊博的
radiate v. send out (light or heat)　发射，散发（光，热等）
redeem v. make a mends for 修复
remarkable a. unusual, noticeable 　非凡的，显著的
satellite n. a heavenly body moving around a larger one (a planet) 卫星
scramble v. move or clime quickly, esp. over a rough or steep surface 攀爬，攀登
sear v. burn with a sudden powerful heat 烧焦，烧灼
shroud v. cover and hide 覆盖，掩蔽
smudge v. make or become dirty with a mark of rubbing 弄脏，涂污
spectacular a. grandly out of the ordinary; attracting excited notice 壮观的，引人注意的
spew v. come out in a rush or flood, gush 涌出，喷
startling a. caused to jump or be quickly surprised 令人吃惊的
stun v. cause to lose the senses or sense of balance 使晕眩
swirl v. move with twisting turns 旋动，盘绕
unravel v. make clear 阐明，澄清
vista n. a distant view, to which the eye is directed between narrow limits, as by rows of trees 远景，深景
comet 　n. 慧星
multimegaton n. 数百尤吨级
quasar n. 类星体
ultraviolet n. 紫外线

UNIT 38 POLLUTION IS A DIRTY WORDGLOSSARY
abandon vt. give up 放弃，废弃
absorb v. take or suck in 吸入
concentration n. bringing or coming together at one point 集中
consume v. eat or drink; use or use up 吃光，喝光；消费
consumption n. the act of consuming 消耗；消费
contaminate vt. make dirty, impure or diseased 弄脏，污染
convert v. change sth. from one form into another 使转化
crucial a. decisive; of deciding importance 决定性的，紧要关头的
dilemma n. a problem situation for which there is no desirable solution 困境
discard v. get rid of as useless 丢弃
disposable a. intended to be used once and then thrown away 一次性使用的
dispose v. get rid of 除掉
drastic a. strong, sudden and often violent or severe 激烈的，猛烈的
dump v. throw or drop in a heap or carelessly 倾倒
eliminate vt. remove; get rid of 除掉
exceptionally a. unusually 异常的
exhaust v. use up 耗尽
foresight n. ability to see into the future 预见力
hover n. remain in the air at one place 盘旋，翱翔
impurity n. foreign material which make sth. unfit for use; the state of not being pure 杂质
ingenious a. clever and skillful in doing or inventing sth. 灵巧的
intensify v. make stronger or more serious 使强化；加剧
invaluable a. too valuable for the worth to be measured 无价的
junkyard n. a place where old useless things are discarded 垃圾场
leftover n. remaining 剩余；残物
manufacture v. make or produce by machinery, esp. in large quantities 制造
orient v. give direction or guidance to 定…的位；调整
purify v. make pure 提纯；纯化
reusable a. that can be used again 可再利用的
sludge n. thick mud; the product of sewage treatment 淤泥，污泥
smokestack n. chimney used by factories to discharge smoke into the upper air 大烟囱
stack n. a pile of sth., like lumber 堆，垃圾堆
stumble vi. trip and almost fall 绊一脚，绊跌
thereby ad. by that means; in that connection 由此，从而
unsightly a. displeasing to the eye 不顺眼的；难看的
vicious a. dangerous; cruel 险恶的
wear out reduce to a useless state by use 磨损，用坏
compressor n. 压缩机
diaper n. 尿布
toaster n. 烤面包器；烤面包电炉
toothpaste tube 牙膏管；牙膏皮
wrapper n. 包装物

UNIT 39 MORE PEOPLE AND MORE PRODUCTS
GLOSSARY
advantage n. definite benefit; sth. that may help one to be successful or to gain a desired result 优点，优势，好处
approximately ad. nearly; almost 近似；大约
assemble v. fit or put together (sth. such as a machine) 装配
campaign n. series of planned activities to gain a special object 运动
concentrate v. bring or come together 集中
considerably ad. much; a great deal 　很多地
constant a. happening all the time; continuous or without break 不断的，经久的
drought n. a long period of dry weather, when there is not enough water 干旱
enrich v. make finer in quality 使丰富，装饰，增美
epidemic n. disease spreading rapidly among many people in the same place for a time 流行病
famine n. serious lack of food 饥荒
feasible a. workable; possible; able to be carried out or done 行得通的，可实行的
figure n. symbol for a number 数字
furthermore ad. moreover; in addition 而且，此外
hygiene n. science of healthy living and cleanliness 卫生学
hygienic a. of hygiene; likely to promote health; free from disease germs 卫生学的，促进健康的
migrate v. move from one place to another; change one’s place of living 迁移，移居
migration n. the act of migrating 迁移，移居
mountainous a. full of or containing mountains 多山的
occupy v. line in; take possession of 　占领，占据
populace n. common people 平民，大众
populate vt. live or settle in an area 居住于…中
prehistoric a. of a time before recorded history 史前的
preservation n. preparation of food to resist decay (食品)保藏
profitable a. resulting in money gain 有利有图的
replace v. take the place of　代替，取代
security n. the state of being safe 安全
significantly ad. importantly 重大地
specialize v. trained or adapted for a particular job or purpose; limit all or most of one’s study, business, etc. to particular things or subjects 专门研究，专攻
specific a. particular or certain 特有的，特定的
supervise v. keep watch over work and workers as the person in charge 监督
transportation n. a means or system of carrying passengers or goods from one place to another 运输
billion n.（英）万亿：（美）十亿
(the) plague n. 鼠疫，黑死病
tropical a. 热带的，炎热的

UNIT 40 KEEPING FOOD ON THE TABLEGLOSSARY
accomplish v. finish successfully 完成
approximately ad. nearly correctly but not exactly 大约地；近似地
combat v. fight or struggle against 跟…战斗；拼搏
compensate v. provide with a balancing effect for 补偿；赔偿
defect n. some loss or something lacking or imperfect 欠缺；缺点；不足之处
deplete v. lessen greatly in quantity, contents, power or value 使空虚；使减少；使枯竭
devastate v. destroy completely 破坏
drainage n. the flow of excess water 排水，放水
erosion n. the action or result of wearing or robbing away 腐蚀；侵蚀
feat n. an action showing strength, skill or courage 武艺，技艺；壮举
fertile a. (of land) which produces good crops; rich 肥沃的，富饶的
flourish v. grow healthily 繁荣；兴旺
graze v. (of animals) feed on grass 喂草；放牧
herd n. group of animals of one kind which feed together 兽群；牧群
identical a. exactly alike 完全相同的
innovation n. new ideas, methods or inventions 新观点；新方法；革新、创新
intensive a. growing too much crops on a limited piece of land; giving too much in a limited space or time 精耕细作的，集约的；集中的
livestock n. animals kept on a farm 家畜，牲畜
misleading a. causing to think or act wrongly 误导的；引入歧途的
nutrient n. chemical or food providing for life and growth 营养品，营养物
offspring n. the young of an animal 幼仔，后代
overwhelming a. very great 很大的；势不可挡的；压倒之势的
pasture n. a grass land used as food for cattle 牧场
potential n. possibility for developing or being developed 潜力；潜能
precious a. that must not be wasted; extremely valuable 宝贵的，珍贵的
prosperity n. the state of having good fortune and success 幸运；成功
radiate v. send out ( light or heat ) 发射（光线或热量）
replenish v. put new supplies into; fill up again 补充；添加；（再）装满
restrict v. keep within limits 限制；限定；约束
rotate v. plant different crops each year; take turns in regular order 轮作
substantial a. noticeable; important 显著的；重大的
trait n. particular quality of something 特性，特点
tranquility n. being peaceful; freedom from anxiety 和平；宁静，安静，安宁
triple v. cause to grow to three times the amount or number 三倍于；使增至三倍
yield n. output; the amount that is produced 产量，收获量
embryo n. 胚胎
insemination n. 授精
semen n. 精液
superovulation n. 多排卵
surrogate mother 代孕母体
uterus n. 子宫